Are diarrhoea control programmes likely to reduce childhood malnutrition ? Observations from rural Bangladesh

Growth of rural Bangladeshi children aged 6-35 months was examined in relation to the history of diarrhoea in 1772 3-month intervals. Weight gain and linear growth were lower in intervals with a history of diarrhoea than in intervals without diarrhoea. However, comparison of weight and height gains in intervals during which diarrhoea occured at the beginning or at the end showed that after non-bloody diarrhoeas children catch up and that deficits in weight gain and linear growth were no longer apparent a few weeks later. These findings suggest that the effect of diarrhoea on growth is transient and that efforts to control diarrhoea are unlikely to improve children's nutritional status in the long term. (Résumé d'auteur

Efficient Matricization of n-D Array with CUDA and Its Evaluation

International audienceScientific and engineering computing requires operation on flooded amount of data having very high number of dimensions. Traditional multidimensional array is widely popular for implementing higher dimensional data but its' performance diminishes with the increase of the number of dimensions. On the other side, traditional row-column view is facile for implementation, imagination and visualization. This paper details a representation scheme for higher dimensional array with row-column abstraction on parallel environment. Odd dimensions contribute along row-direction and even dimensions along column direction which gives lower cost of index computation, higher data locality and parallelism. Each 2-D block of size blockIdx.x × threadIdx.x is independent of each other. Theoretically, it has no limitation with the number of dimensions and mapping algorithm is unique for any number of dimensions. Performance of the proposed matricization is measured with matrix-matrix addition, subtraction and multiplication operation. Experimental results show promising performance improvement over Traditional Multidimensional Array (TMA) and Extended Karnaugh Map Representation (EKMR). Thus the scheme can be used for implementing higher dimensional array in both general purpose and scientific computing on GPU. © 2016 IEEE

TEKNAF health impact study : methods and results

Meeting: International workshop on measuring the health impacts of water supply and sanitation, November 21-25, 1983, Dhaka, B

Are diarrhoea control programmes likely to reduce childhood malnutrition ? Observations from rural Bangladesh

Growth of rural Bangladeshi children aged 6-35 months was examined in relation to the history of diarrhoea in 1772 3-month intervals. Weight gain and linear growth were lower in intervals with a history of diarrhoea than in intervals without diarrhoea. However, comparison of weight and height gains in intervals during which diarrhoea occured at the beginning or at the end showed that after non-bloody diarrhoeas children catch up and that deficits in weight gain and linear growth were no longer apparent a few weeks later. These findings suggest that the effect of diarrhoea on growth is transient and that efforts to control diarrhoea are unlikely to improve children's nutritional status in the long term. (Résumé d'auteur

Rural women in sanitation programmes

As a part of an integrated water-sanitation study 754 twin-pit latrines were provided to about 4500 people of two villages in Mirzapur subdistrict, Bangladesh. Women were motivated to contribute in the owner­ship of individual family-based latrines. They were encouraged to participate in site-selection, construction of latrine superstructures, and maintenance of the latrines. More than 91% of the latrines were in use. Local women participated in the construction of more than 60% of the Project-community built 280 latrine superstructures. When pits of 276 latrines needed desludging, local women with some training from the project desludged 65% of the pits at a cost of about one-fourth of the price demanded by professional scavengers. These participations by the women was accepted by the society and since the area is representative of the country, this finding has implication for sustainable and effective use of two-pit latrines